The Biggest Misconception in Physics

Why does energy disappear in General Relativity? 👉 Use code VERITASIUM to get 50% off your first monthly KiwiCo Crate! https://www.kiwico.com/VERITASIUM Try Snatoms! A molecular modelling kit I invented where the atoms snap together. https://ve42.co/SnatomsV Sign up to the Veritasium newsletter for weekly science updates - https://ve42.co/Newsletter ▀▀▀ A huge thank you to Prof. Geraint Lewis, Prof. Melissa Franklin, Prof. David Kaiser, Elba Alonso-Monsalve, Richard Behiel, Prof. Leo Stein and Jakob Schwintenberg for their invaluable expertise and contributions to this video. Special thanks to Alessandro from ScienceClic for his help on animations and input on the script. Check out his excellent video on Noether’s theorem here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hF_uHfSoOGA ▀▀▀ 0:00 What is symmetry? 4:25 Emmy Noether and Einstein 7:33 General Covariance 11:59 The Principle of Least Action 15:29 Noether’s First Theorem 18:24 The Continuity Equation 23:20 Escape from Germany 24:49 The Standard Model - Higgs and Quarks ▀▀▀ References: MathHistory Biography - Emmy Amalie Noether via mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk - https://ve42.co/BioNoether Bartlett, J. G. (2021). The Standard Cosmological Model and CMB Anisotropies. New Astron.Rev. 43 (1999) 83-109 - https://ve42.co/CosmoCMB Kimberling, C. (1982). Emmy Noether, Greatest Woman Mathematician. Mathematics Teacher, March 1982, Volume 84, Number 3, pp. 246–249. - https://ve42.co/NoetherGreat Blunck, A., et al. (2016). Mathematik und Gender. Verlag Franzbecker - https://ve42.co/MathGender Evans, R. J. (1976). The Feminist movement in Germany, 1894-1933. Sage Publications - https://ve42.co/FeministGer Without Emmy Noether, there would be a huge gap in mathematics and its understanding via www.mpg.de - https://ve42.co/NoetherGap Dihedral group of order 6 via Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/Dihedral6 Emmy Noether University of Erlangen via Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/Erlangen Timeline of women in mathematics via Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/WomenMath Elizaveta Litvinova via Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/LitvinovaE Sofya Kovalevskaya via Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/KovalevskayaS Charlotte Scott via Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/ScottC Cornelia Fabri via Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/FabriC Emmy Noether, the renowned mathematician who taught 20 years of unpaid classes just because she was a woman via english.elpais.com - https://ve42.co/NoetherPay Noether, E. (1908). Über die Bildung des Formensystems der ternären biquadratischen Form. Reimer - https://ve42.co/NDissert Noether, E. (1983). Invariante Variationsprobleme. Gott.Nachr.1918:235-257,1918; Transp.Theory Statist.Phys.1:186-207,1971 - https://ve42.co/InvarProb Noether, E. (2018). M. A. Tavel’s English translation of “Invariante Variationsprobleme”. arXiv - https://ve42.co/InvarProbEn Byers, N. (1998). E. Noether’s Discovery of the Deep Connection Between Symmetries and Conservation Laws*. Mod.Phys.Lett. A14 (1999) 99-104 - https://ve42.co/SymCon De Haro, S. (2021). Noether’s Theorems and Energy in General Relativity. Cambridge University Press, 2021 - https://ve42.co/EnergyGR Rowe, D. E. (2019). Emmy Noether on Energy Conservation in General Relativity. arXiv - https://ve42.co/EnergyCon Branding, K. (2005). A Note on General Relativity, Energy Conservation, and Noether’s Theorems. Springer - https://ve42.co/GRanEC Additional References: https://ve42.co/NoethersAdRefs ▀▀▀ Special thanks to our Patreon supporters: Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, Autodidactic Studios, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Greg Scopel, iRick, Jon Jamison, Juan Benet, Keith England, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, TTST, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, wolfee ▀▀▀ Directed by Matth